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Mendel, B., Garthe, S., . Kumulative Auswirkungen von Offshore-Windkraftnutzung und Schiffsverkehr am Beispiel der Seetaucher in der Deutschen Bucht. In: Kannen, A., Schernewski, G., Krämer, I., Lange, M., Janßen, H., Stybel, N. (eds.). Forschung für ein Integriertes Küstenzonenmanagement: Fallbeispiele Odermündungsregion und Offshore-Windkraft in der Nordsee. Coastline Reports (15), pp. 31-44. EUCC - Die Küsten Union Deutschland e.V., Rostock, 2010.

Zusammenfassung: There are not many areas in the German Bight that are not used by humans. Apart from intense pressures such as fisheries and shipping, the installation of offshore wind farms will demand huge areas. Since it is known from other studies that several seabird species are sensitive to disturbances, it is most likely that increasing uses will interfere with their distribution and behaviour. To assess possible impacts of anthropogenic pressures, it is important that they are not only considered as single events but also in a cumulative way. In addition to wind farms, other uses such intense ship traffic are known to influence seabirds distribution. Based on evidence from investigations at existing offshore wind farms in Sweden and Denmark where strong avoidance responses have been shown, the species group of divers (Red-throated Diver Gavia stellata, Black-throated Diver Gavia arctica) is taken as example for particular sensitive species. On the assumption that divers avoid both offshore wind farm areas as well as intensively used shipping lanes, the loss of suitable habitats as well as the number of potentially affected divers is calculated for these two human pressures in the German Bight.
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